But in reality, Black children aren’t less intellectually capable than white children.
Over time, policymakers have emphasized these tests more and more, based on the racist idea that they measure innate intellectual ability. Most notably, Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein’s widely discredited book The Bell Curve argued that genes help explain the achievement gap. Although assimilationists have long blamed environmental factors for Black people’s poor performance on these tests, the eugenicist argument never disappeared. A few years later, they created the SAT for the same reason. In the early 20th century, eugenicist scientists developed IQ tests in the hopes of demonstrating that different racial groups had different levels of intelligence. The history of standardized taking makes this all the more clear.
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